Compiled by
Gregory P. Kennedy
Manned Space Flight Chronology 1991 to 1997
January 14, 1991 -- Progress M-6; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
March 19, 1991 -- Progress M-7; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
April 5 - 11, 1991 -- STS-37; Atlantis; crewed by Steven R. Nagel, Kenneth D. Cameron, Jerry L. Ross, Jerome "Jay" Apt, and Linda M. Godwin; deployed Gamma Ray Observatory; EVA to test space station assembly equipment. (USA)
April 28 - May 6, 1991 – STS-39; Discovery; crewed by Michael L. Coats, L. Blaine Hammond, Jr., Guion S. Bluford, Richard J. Hieb, C. Lacy Veach, Gregory L. Harbaugh, and Donald R. McMonagle; carried unclassified DoD payload for the Strategic Defense Initiative Office. (USA)
May 18 - October 10, 1991 – Soyuz TM-12; crewed by Anatoli Artsebarski, Sergei Krikalev, and Helen Sharman; Project Juno British cosmonaut (Sharman); Sharman returned May 26, 1991 in Soyuz TM-11; Artsebarski returned in Soyuz TM-12; Krikalev returned in Soyuz TM-13 (CIS)
May 30, 1991 -- Progress M-8; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
June 5 - 14, 1991 – STS-40; Columbia; crewed by Bryan D. O'Connor, Sidney M. Gutierrez, Tamara E. Jernigan, M. Rhea Seddon, James P. Bagian, Francis A. "Drew" Gaffney, and Millie Hughes-Fulford; carried Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS)-1 laboratory. (USA)
August 2 - 11, 1991 -- STS-43; Atlantis; crewed by John E. Blaha, Michael A. Baker, Shannon W. Lucid, G. David Low, and James C. Adamson; carried TDRS-E satellite. (USA)
August 20, 1991 – Progress M-9; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
September 12 - 18, 1991 -- STS-48; Discovery; crewed by John O. Creighton, Kenneth S. Reightler, Charles D. Gemar, James F. Buchli, and Mark N. Brown; deployed Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). (USA)
October 2, 1991- March 25, 1992 -- Soyuz TM-13; crewed by Alexander Volkov, Franz Viehböck, and Toktar Aubakirov; Intercosmos flight to Mir with Austrian cosmonaut (Viehböck) and Kazakh cosmonaut (Aubakirov); Viehböck and Aubakirov returned in Soyuz TM-12 with Artsebarski on October 10. (USA)
October 17, 1991 – Progress M-10; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
November 24 - December 1, 1991 -- STS-44; Atlantis; crewed by Frederick D. Gregory, Terence T. Henricks, James S. Voss, F. Story Musgrave, Mario Runco, Jr., and Thomas Hennen; deployed Defense Support Program (DSP) early warning satellite. (USA)
January 22 - 30, 1992 -- STS-42; Discovery; crewed by Ronald J. Grabe, Steven S. Oswald, Norman E. Thagard, William F. Readdy, David C. Hilmers, Roberta L. Bondar, and Ulf D. Merbold; carried International Microgravity Laboratory (IML)-1; ESA astronaut (Merbold). (USA)
January 25, 1992 -- Progress M-11; unmanned resupply mission to Mir.
March 17 - August 10, 1992 – Soyuz TM-14; crewed by Alexander Viktorenko, Alexander Kaleri, and Klaus-Dietrich Flade; first launch of fare-paying German cosmonaut (Flade); Flade returned in Soyuz TM-13 on March 25; Viktorenko, Kaleri and French astronaut Tognini returned in Soyuz TM-14. (CIS)
March 24 - April 2, 1992 -- STS-45; Atlantis; crewed by Charles F. Bolden, Jr., Brian Duffy, Kathryn D. Sullivan, David C. Leestma, Michael Foale, Dirk D. Frimout, and Byron K. Lichtenberg; carried Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS)-1; Belgian astronaut (Frimout). (USA)
April 19, 1992 -- Progress M-12; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
May 7 - 16, 1992 -- STS-49; Endeavour; crewed by Daniel C. Brandenstein, Kevin P. Chilton, Richard J. Hieb, Bruce E. Melnick, Pierre J. Thuot, Kathryn C. Thornton, and Thomas D. Akers; retrieval, repair and redeployment of Intelsat VI satellite; first flight of OV-105, Endeavour. (USA)
June 25 - July 9, 1992 -- STS-50; Columbia; crewed by Richard N. Richards, Kenneth D. Bowersox, Ellen S. Baker, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Carl J. Meade, Eugene H. Trinh, and Lawrence J. DeLucas; carried United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML) - 1. (USA)
June 30, 1992 -- Progress M-13; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
July 27, 1992 - February 1, 1993 -- Soyuz TM-15; crewed by Anatoli Solovyov, Sergei V. Avdeyev, and Michel Tognini; Russian/French "Antares" mission to Mir with French astronaut (Tognini); Tognini returned in Soyuz TM-14 spacecraft; Solovyov and Avdeyev returned in Soyuz TM-15 craft after 189 days in space. (CIS)
July 31 - August 8, 1993 – STS-46; Atlantis; crewed by Loren J. Shriver, Andrew M. Allen, Claude Nicollier, Marsha S. Ivins, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, and Franco Malerba; carried Tethered Satellite System (TSS) -1 and released European EURECA-1 for retrieval by a later mission; Italian astronaut (Malerba); European Space Agency astronaut (Nicollier); TSS-1 encountered mechanical problems and could not be fully deployed. (USA)
August 15, 1992 – Progress M-14; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
September 12 - 20, 1992 -- STS-47; Endeavour; crewed by Robert L. "Hoot" Gibson, Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Mark C. Lee, Jerome “Jay” Apt, N. Jan Davis, Mae C. Jemison, and Mamoru Mohri; carried Spacelab-Japan (SL-J); Japanese astronaut (Mohri). (USA)
October 22 - November 1, 1992 -- STS-52; Columbia; crewed by James D. Wetherbee, Michael A. Baker, Charles L. Veach, William M. Shepherd, Tamara E. Jernigan, and Steven Glenwood MacLean; deployed Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS)-II; carried United States Microgravity Payload (USMP)-1 experiments and Canadian Experiments (CANEX)-2. (USA)
October 27, 1992 – Progress M-15; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
December 2 - 9, 1992 -- STS-53; Discovery; crewed by David M. Walker, Robert D. Cabana, Guion S. Bluford, James S. Voss, and Michael R. Clifford; carried classified DoD payload; last major DoD mission scheduled for Space Shuttle. (USA)
January 13 - 19, 1993 -- STS-54; Endeavour; crewed by John H. Casper, Donald R. McMonagle, Mario Runco, Jr., Gregory J. Harbaugh, and Susan J. Helms; deployed TDRS-F; carried Diffuse X-Ray Spectrometer (DXS). (USA)
January 24 - July 22, 1993 -- Soyuz TM-16; crewed by Gennady Manakov and Aander Polishchuk; crew docked Soyuz TM with the Kristall module, demonstrating the docking unit planned for use with the U.S. Space Shuttle. (CIS)
February 21, 1993 -- Progress M-16; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
March 31, 1993 -- Progress M-17; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
April 8 - 17, 1993 -- STS-56; Discovery; crewed by Kenneth D. Cameron, Stephen S. Oswald, Kenneth D. Cockrell, C. Michael Foale, and Ellen Ochoa; carried ATLAS-2 atmospheric laboratory. (USA)
April 26 - May 6, 1993 – STS-55; Columbia; crewed by Steven R. Nagel, Terence T. Henricks, Jerry L. Ross, Charles J. Precourt, Bernard A. Harris, Jr., Ulrich Walter, and Hans William Schlegel; carried German Spacelab D-2 laboratory; two German astronauts (Walter and Schlegel). (USA)
May 22, 1993 -- Progress M-18; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
June 21 - July 1, 1993 -- STS-57; Endeavour; crewed by Ronald J. Grabe, Brian J. Duffy, G. David Low, Nancy J. Sherlock, Peter J. K. "Jeff" Wisoff, and Janice Voss; carried first Spacehab commercially developed module; retrieved European EURECA-1 satellite. (USA)
July 1, 1993 - January 14, 1994 -- Soyuz TM-17; crewed by Vasily Tsiblyev, Alexander Serebrov, and Jean-Pierre Haigneré; Russian/French Altair mission with French astronaut (Haigneré); Haigneré returned in Soyuz TM-16; Tsiblyev and Serebrov conducted extensive EVA work to prepare Mir for docking with Space Shuttle. (CIS)
August 10, 1993 – Progress M-19; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
September 12 - 22, 1993 -- STS-51; Discovery; crewed by Frank L. Culbertson, William F. Readdy, James H. Newman, Daniel W. Bursch, and Carl E. Walz; deployed Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS) with Transfer Orbit Stage (TOS); deployed and retrieved ORFEUS-SPAS satellite; EVA test of tools for Hubble Space Telescope repair mission. (USA)
October 11, 1993 – Progress M-20; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
October 18 - November 1, 1993 -- STS-58; Columbia; crewed by John E. Blaha, Richard A. Searfoss, M. Rhea Seddon, William S. McArthur, Jr., David A. Wolf, Shannon W. Lucid, and Martin J. Fettman; carried Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS)-2 laboratory. (USA)
December 2 - 13, 1993 -- STS-61; Endeavour; crewed by Richard O. Covey, Kenneth D. Bowersox, F. Story Musgrave, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Claude Nicollier, Thomas D. Akers, and Kathryn C. Thornton; Hubble Space Telescope servicing and repair mission. (USA)
January 8 - July 9, 1994 -- Soyuz TM-18; crewed by Valeri Polyakov, Viktor Afanasyev, and Yuri Usachyov; mission to Mir; Afanasyev and Usachyov returned in Soyuz TM-18 on July 9, 1994; Polyakov returned in Soyuz TM-20 on March 22, 1995 after 438 days in space. (CIS)
January 28, 1994 -- Progress M-21; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
February 3 - 11, 1994 -- STS-60; Discovery; crewed by Charles F. Bolden, Kenneth S. Reightler, N. Jan Davis, Ronald M. Sega, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, and Sergei Krikalev; carried Wake Shield Facility; second flight of Spacehab module; first flight of a Russian cosmonaut aboard the Space Shuttle (Krikalev). (USA)
March 4 - 18, 1994 -- STS-62; Columbia; crewed by John H. Casper, Andrew M. Allen, Pierre J. Thuot, Charles D. Gemar, and Marsha S. Ivins; carried United States Microgravity Payload (USMP)-2 and Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST)-2. (USA)
March 22, 1994 -- Progress M-22; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
April 16 - 20, 1994 -- STS-59; Endeavour; crewed by Sidney M. Gutierrez, Kevin P. Chilton, Jerome “Jay” Apt, Michael "Rich" Clifford, Linda M. Godwin, and Thomas D. Jones; carried Space Radar Laboratory (SRL)-1 and Space Complex Autonomous Payload (CONCAP)-IV. (USA)
May 22, 1994 -- Progress M-23; unmanned resupply mission to Mir.
July 1 - November 4, 1994 -- Soyuz TM-19; crewed by Yuri Malenschenko and Taigat Musabayev; mission to Mir; ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold joined crew in Soyuz TM-19 for return. (CIS)
July 8 - 23, 1994 -- STS-65; Columbia; crewed by Robert D. Cabana, James D. Halsell, Jr., Richard J. Hieb, Leroy Chiao, Donald A. Thomas, Carl E. Walz, and Chiaki Mukai; carried International Microgravity Laboratory (IML) - 2; Columbia had Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) modification; Japanese astronaut (Mukai). (USA)
August 25, 1994 – Progress M-24; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
September 9 - 20, 1994 -- STS-64; Discovery; crewed by Richard N. Richards, L. Blaine Hammond, Jr., Jerry M. Linenger, Susan J. Helms, Carl J. Meade, and Mark C. Lee; carried Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE)-1; released and retrieved Spartan-201 satellite. (USA)
September 30 - October 11, 1994 – STS-68; Endeavour; crewed by Michael A. Baker, Terrence W. Wilcutt, Thomas D. Jones, Peter "Jeff" Wisoff, Steven L. Smith, and Daniel W. Bursch; carried Space Radar Laboratory (SRL)-2. (USA)
October 4, 1994 - March 22, 1995 -- Soyuz TM-20; crewed by Alexander Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, and Ulf Merbold; EuroMir 94 mission with ESA astronaut (Merbold); Merbold returned in Soyuz TM-19; Kondakova had longest flight by a female cosmonaut. (CIS)
November 3 - 14, 1994 -- STS-66; Atlantis; crewed by Donald R. McMonagle, Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Ellen Ochoa, Joseph R. Tanner, Jean-Francois Clervoy, and Scott E. Parazynski; carried ATLAS-03 atmospheric laboratory; deployed and retrieved CRISTA-SPAS satellite; ESA astronaut (Clervoy). (USA)
November 11, 1994 – Progress M-25; unmanned resupply mission to Mir.
February 3 - 11, 1995 -- STS-63; Discovery; crewed by James D. Wetherbee, Eileen M. Collins, Bernard A. Harris, Jr., C. Michael Foale, Janice Voss, and Vladimir Titov; carried Spacelab-3 laboratory; released and retrieved Spartan-204 satellite; Russian cosmonaut (Titov); first female Shuttle pilot. (USA)
February 15, 1995 -- Progress M-26; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
March 2 - 18, 1995 -- STS-67; Endeavour; crewed by Stephen S. Oswald, William G. Gregory, John M. Grunsfeld, Wendy B. Lawrence; Tamara E. Jernigan; Samuel T. Durrance, and Ronald A. Parise; carried ASTRO-2 ultraviolet astronomy observatory. (USA)
March 14 - July 7, 1995 -- Soyuz TM-21; crewed by Gennady Strekalov, Vladimir Dezhurov, and Norman E. Thagard; first launch of an American astronaut aboard a Russian spacecraft; crew returned in Space Shuttle Atlantis at end of STS-71 mission; spacecraft remained in space until September 11, 1995, when Solovyov and Budarin (launched aboard STS-71) used it for return. (CIS)
April 9, 1995 -- Progress M-27; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
May 20, 1995 -- Launch of Spektr expansion module to Mir. (CIS)
June 27 - July 7, 1995 -- STS-71; Atlantis; crewed by Robert L. "Hoot" Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Ellen S. Baker, Gregory J. Harbaugh, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Anatoly Y. Solovyov, and Nikolai M. Budarin; docked with Mir space station; Solovyov and Budarin remained in orbit aboard station; Norman Thagard, Vladimir Dezhurov and Gennady Strekalov, who had been aboard Mir, returned in Atlantis; Solovyov and Budarin returned September 11, 1995 in Soyuz TM-21; 100th U.S. manned space mission. (USA)
July 13 - 22, 1995 -- STS-70; Discovery; crewed by Terence T. Hendricks, Kevin R. Kregel, Nancy J. Sherlock-Currie, Donald A. Thomas, and Mary Ellen Weber; deployed TDRS-G satellite. (USA)
July 20, 1995 -- Progress M-28; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
September 23, 1995 - February 29, 1996 -- Soyuz TM-22; crewed by Yuri P. Gidzenko, Sergei V. Adveev, and Thomas Reiter; EuroMir 95 mission; German astronaut (Reiter). (CIS)
September 7 - 18, 1995 -- STS-69; Endeavour; crewed by David M. Walker, Kenneth D. Cockrell, James S. Voss, James H. Newman, and Michael L. Gernhardt; deployed and retrieved Spartan 201-03 satellite and Wake Shield Facility; EVA to test Space Station assembly techniques. (USA)
October 8, 1995 -- Progress M-29; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
October 20 - November 5, 1995 -- STS-73; Columbia; crewed by Kenneth D. Bowersox, Kent V. Rominger, Kathryn C. Thornton, Catherine G. Coleman, Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Fred W. Leslie, and Albert Sacco, Jr.; carried United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML) - 2. (USA)
November 12 - 20, 1995 – STS-74; Atlantis; crewed by Kenneth D. Cameron, James D. Halsell, Jr., Chris A. Hadfield, William S. McArthur, Jr., and Jerry L. Ross; delivered new docking module to Russian Mir space station; docked with station. (USA)
December 20, 1995 – Progress M-30; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
January 11 - 20, 1996 -- STS-72; Endeavour; crewed by Brian Duffy, Brent W. Jett, Jr., Leroy Chiao, Winston E. Scott, Daniel T. Barry, and Koichi Wakata from the Japanese Space Agency; retrieved Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU); deployed and retrieved the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-Flyer (OAST-Flyer); two EVAs to test construction and maintenance techniques for the International Space Station. (USA)
February 21 - September 2, 1996 – Soyuz TM-23; crewed by Yuri Onufrienko and Yuri Usachev; mission to Mir; French female astronaut André-Deshays returned with the crew. (CIS)
February 22 - March 9, 1996 -- STS-75; Columbia; crewed by Andrew M. Allen, Scott J. Horowitz, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Claude Nicollier, Maurizoio Cheli, and Umberto Guidoni; two European Space Agency Mission Specialists (Nicollier and Cheli) and an Italian Space Agency Payload Specialist (Guidoni); Tethered Satellite System reflight (TSS-1R); United States Microgravity Payload (USMP) -3; tether on TSS-1R broke and satellite was lost. (USA)
March 22 - 31, 1996 -- STS-76; Atlantis; crewed by Kevin P. Chilton, Richard A. Searfoss, Ronald M. Sega, Michael R. Clifford, Linda M. Godwin, and Shannon W. Lucid; docking with Mir space station; first EVA by American astronauts at Mir space station; Lucid remained aboard Mir to return with STS-79. (USA)
April 23, 1996 -- Launch of Priroda module to Mir space station. This module completed the 10-year process of building Mir. (CIS)
May 5, 1996 -- Progress M-31; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
May 19 - 29, 1996 -- STS-77; Endeavour; crewed by John H. Casper, Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Andrew S. W. Thomas, Daniel W. Bursch, Mario Runco, and Marc Garneau; Spacehab-4; Spartan 207/Inflatable Antenna Experiment. (USA)
June 20 - July 7, 1996 -- STS-78; Columbia; crewed by Terence T. Henricks, Kevin R. Kregel, Susan J. Helms, Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., Robert B. Thirsk (Canadian Space Agency), and Jean-Jacques Favier (French Space Agency, CNES); Life and Microgravity Spacelab (LMS) mission. (USA)
August 1, 1996 – Progress M-32; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
August 17, 1996 - March 2, 1997 -- Soyuz TM-24; crewed by Valery Korzun, Alexander Kaleri, and Claudie André-Deshays; first female French astronaut (André-Deshays); mission to Mir; André-Deshays returned with Soyuz TM-23 crew; German astronaut Reinhold Ewald returned with Soyuz TM-24 crew. (CIS)
September 16 - 26, 1996 -- STS-79; Atlantis; crewed by William F. Readdy, Terrence W. Wilcutt, Thomas Akers, John E. Blaha, Carl Walz, and Jerome "Jay" Apt; first Spacehab double module; docking with Mir; Shannon Lucid returned with crew; John Blaha remained aboard Mir to return aboard STS-81. (USA)
November 19, 1996 – Progress M-33; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
November 19 - December 7, 1996 -- STS-80; Columbia; crewed by Kenneth Cockrell, Kent Rominger, Tamara Jernigan, Thomas Jones, and F. Story Musgrave; released and retrieved ORFEUS-SPAS-02 ultraviolet astronomy satellite; carried Wake Shield Facility. (USA)
January 12 - 22, 1997 -- STS-81; Atlantis; crewed by Michael Baker, Brent W. Jett, Jr., John Grunsfeld, Marsha Ivins, Peter "Jeff" Wisoff, and Jerry Linenger; fifth docking with Russian Mir space station; Jerry Linenger remained aboard station to return with STS-84 crew; John Blaha returned with crew. (USA)
February 10 - August 14, 1997 -- Soyuz TM-25; crewed by Vasily Tsibliev, Alexander Lazutkin, and Reinhold Ewald; long duration crew to Mir; German guest cosmonaut (Ewald); Ewald returned with Soyuz TM-24 crew. (CIS)
February 11 - 22, 1997 -- STS-82; Discovery; crewed by Kenneth D. Bowersox, Scott J. "Doc" Horowitz, Joseph R. Tanner, Steven A. Hawley, Gregory J. Harbaugh, Mark C. Lee, and Steven L. Smith; second mission to service Hubble Space Telescope. (USA)
April 3 - 8, 1997 -- STS-83; Columbia; crewed by James D. Halsell, Jr., Susan Leigh Still, Michael L. Gernhardt, Janice Voss, Donald A. Thomas, Roger Crouch, and Gregory Linteris; Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL) - 1; mission ended early due to fuel cell failure. (USA)
April 6, 1997 -- Progress M-34; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
May 15 - 24, 1997 – STS-84; Atlantis; crewed by Charles J. Precort, Eileen M. Collins, C. Michael Foale, Carlos Noriega, Edward T. Lu, Jean-Francois Clervoy, and Yelena Kondakova; sixth docking with Mir space station; C. Michael Foale remained aboard station to return with STS-86 crew; Jerry Linenger returned with crew; ESA astronaut (Clervoy); Russian cosmonaut (Kondakova). (USA)
July 1 - 17, 1997 -- STS-94; Columbia; crewed by James D. Halsell, Jr., Susan Leigh Still, Michael L. Gernhardt, Janice Voss, Donald A. Thomas, Roger Crouch, and Gregory Linteris; reflight of STS-83 Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL). (USA)
July 5, 1997 -- Progress M-35; unmanned resupply mission to Mir; carried repair parts needed after Progress M-34 collision with station during docking test. (CIS)
August 5, 1997 - February 19, 1998 -- Soyuz TM-26; crewed by Anatoli Solovyov and Pavel Vinogradov; long duration crew to Mir; performed repairs to station. (CIS)
August 7 - 19, 1997 -- STS-85; Discovery; crewed by Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Kent Rominger, Jan Davis, Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Steve Robinson, and Bjarni Tryggvason; deployed and retrieved CRISTA-SPAS platform with atmospheric ozone package; tested Japanese robotic arm for International Space Station; Canadian astronaut (Tryggvason). (USA)
September 25 - October 6, 1997 – STS-86; Atlantis; crewed by James D. Wetherbee, Michael Bloomfield, Scott Parazynski, Vladimir Titov, Jean-Loup Chretien, Wendy Lawrence, and David Wolf; seventh docking with Mir space station; Wolf remained aboard station; C. Michael Foale returned with crew; French astronaut (Chretien); Russian cosmonaut (Titov). (USA)
October 3, 1997 -- Progress M-36; unmanned resupply mission to Mir; carried additional repair parts needed after Progress M-34 collision with station during docking test on June 25 and a new onboard computer for station. (CIS)
November 19 - December 5, 1997 -- STS-87; Columbia; crewed by Kevin R. Kregel, Steven W. Lindsey, Kalpana Chawla, Winston E. Scott, Takao Doi, and Leonid K. Kadenyuk; carried United States Microgravity Payload (USMP) - 4; deployed and retrieved Spartan 201-04 solar observation payload; Japanese astronaut (Doi); first Japanese EVA; Ukrainian astronaut (Kadenyuk). (USA)
December 20, 1997 – Progress M-37; unmanned resupply mission to Mir. (CIS)
NOTE: This chronology contains manned space missions; unmanned test flights of manned spacecraft; significant launch vehicle tests; unmanned lunar probes; select space biology flights; piloted stratospheric balloon flights; flights above 50 miles (264,000 feet) by the X-15 rocket plane; and other significant events in the development of manned space programs.
Biological satellites are listed only when they directly supported a manned space project. In the case of missions where crewmembers were launched in one spacecraft and returned in another, the crew names are with the launch spacecraft and explanations of their return to Earth are in the flight description.
A three- or four-letter country designation is given at the end of each entry. The country designations used are as follows:
BEL Belgium
CIS Post 1990 Russia (Commonwealth of Independent States)
FRA France
GER Germany
POL Poland
PRC People’s Republic of China
RUS Pre-1917 Russia
USA United States
USSR Soviet Union
This chronology lists events through the second flight of Space Ship One on October 4, 2004.
© Gregory Kennedy 2007
© Optimadata, Inc. 2007